小行星可能撞地球 俄國計劃因應

小行星可能撞地球 俄國計劃因應
【 Russian agency plans to prevent asteroid colliding with Earth 】

2009/12/31 11:00 引用來源：中央社製編

原文：Russia's space agency expects an asteroid to hit Earth in 2036 and has created an international project to prevent the collision by disrupting its trajectory.

Anatoly Perminov, head of the agency, said Wednesday the project may involve the building and deployment of a spacecraft that will break the path of the asteroid named Apophis without using a nuclear explosive.

翻譯：俄國太空總署預期一顆小行星將在2036年撞擊地球，並已成立一個跨國計畫，要藉著改變這顆小行星行進的軌道，防止它和地球相撞。太空總署的主管柏米諾夫週三表示，計畫可能包括建造和部署一艘太空船，在不用核子炸彈的情況下，打斷小行星Apophis的行進路線。

字辭解析：

＊asteroid（名詞）


小行星；

在電影情節和科學家的預測中，除了小行星之外，可能撞上地球並造成嚴重災難甚至地球毀滅的，還包括彗星（comet）和隕石（meteorite）。

光是在地球所在的太陽系中，就有數以萬計的小行星，絕大多數位在火星和木星之間的小行星帶。小行星最大的直徑將近1000公里，但直徑超過100公里的僅佔少數。隕石更小，寬度不超過10公尺。

＊disrupting（動名詞）


干擾、擾亂；

常用來指不良天候對交通造成的影響，例如：The heavy snow disrupted holiday traffic and caused a headache for hundreds of thousands of travelers.（大雪阻斷交通，讓數十萬名旅客頭痛。）

＊trajectory（名詞）


軌道、彈道；

基本是設定或可以計算出來的拋物線或行進路線，例如：the trajectory of an artillery shell（砲彈的彈道）。

這裡是說，俄國太空總署準備在太空中部署太空船，設法讓預測會撞上地球的小行星改變行進路線，但方法不是在小行星上引爆核彈。

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Russian
adj. 俄國的;俄語的
n. 俄國人;俄語

Russia
n.(1917年以前的)俄羅斯帝國;俄羅斯(現為獨立國協一員)

agency
n.代辦處,經銷處,代理機構[C]
Our company has agencies in major cities of the country.
我們公司在國內主要城市都設有代理機構。
n.專業行政機構,局,署,處,社[C]

prevent
vt.防止,預防
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds.
維他命C被認為能預防感冒。

vt.阻止;制止;妨礙[(+from)]
Who prevents their plans from being carried out?
誰阻止他們的計劃,不讓實施?

Of course I can't prevent your going.
當然,我不能阻止你去。

vi.妨礙;阻止

collide
vi.(不及物動詞 intransitive verb)[(+with)] 碰撞;相撞
They collided with another ship.
他們的船與另一條船相撞。
vi.衝突,抵觸
If the aims of two countries collide, there may be war.
如果兩國目標嚴重對立,就有可能爆發戰爭。

expect vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb)
預計...可能發生(或來到);預料;預期[+(that)][+to-v][O2]
He expected to finish the work by March.
他預期三月份完成這項工作。
We expected that you would succeed.
我們預計你會成功的。

vt.期待;等待;盼望
That's just what we expected. 那正是我們所期望的。
I'll expect you for supper at six o'clock.
我六點等你吃晚飯。

vt.認為理應得到;指望;要求[(+from)]
Don't expect too much of him. 別對他期望過高。
I expect you to be punctual. 我要求你準時。
The professor expected respect from his students.
教授認為學生理應尊敬他。

vt. 想;認為[W][Y][+(that)] I expect you are right.
我想你是對的。
vi. 期待;預期 ; (用進行式)懷孕,懷胎
Mary is expecting. 瑪麗懷孕了。

project
vt.計劃;企劃
The government projected a tax decrease.
政府計劃降低稅收。

vt.投擲,發射,噴射[(+at/into)]
The fountain projects a stream of water.
噴泉噴出一股水。

vt.投射(光線等);映[(+on/onto)]
They were delighted to see their holiday slides projected on a screen.
他們高興地看到他們度假的幻燈片在螢幕上放映出來。

vt.突出;使凸出 ; 闡述;表明...的特性,使呈現特性
He had projected himself as a reformer in the presidential campaign.
他在總統競選中曾以改革者的姿態出現。

vt.預計,推斷
Can you project our sales in the coming year?
你能預測我們來年的銷售情況嗎?

vi. 突出,伸出[(+from/into)]
Nails that project from the wall may tear your clothes.
牆上突出的釘子會撕破你的衣服的。

n.方案,計劃,企劃
This project seems to be very attractive.
這一方案看來很有吸引力。

n.工程
The project was estimated to have cost $900,000.
這一工程估計耗去資金九十萬美元。

n.科研項目
She's doing a project on adult education.
她正在進行一項有關成人教育的研究。

n.【美】國民住宅
She lives in the same project, one flight up.
她住在同一幢住宅內,再上一層樓就是她家。

collision
n.[U][C]碰撞;相撞
The collision between the ships was caused by fog.
船隻相撞事件因霧造成。
n.(意見、利益等的)衝突,抵觸
A collision with parliament could rain the government's plans.
政府與議會衝突可能使政府的計劃歸於失敗。

disrupt
vt. 使分裂,使瓦解
Slavery seemed likely to disrupt the Union then.
當時,奴隸制似乎有可能分裂美國。
vt.使混亂,使中斷
The heavy storm has disrupted telephone service.
暴風雨使電話中斷。
adj.破裂的,中斷的
I hope their disrupt friendship will be renewed.
我希望他們中斷的友誼會繼續起來。

involve
vt.使捲入,連累;牽涉[(+in/with)]
That's no concern of mine. I'm not involved.
那與我無關,我未捲入。
Don't involve me in your quarrel!
不要把我牽扯進你們的爭吵中!
vt.需要,包含,意味著[(+in)][+v-ing]
His work involves occasional journeys.
他的工作偶爾需要出差旅行。
vt.使專注,使忙於[(+in)]
He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.
他在聚精會神地寫他的博士論文。

deployment
n. 部署;調度

spacecraft
n.太空船,航天器
Spacecraft are vehicles used for flight in outer space.
太空船是用於太空飛行的交通工具。

break
vt.打破;折斷;使碎裂
He fell down and broke his ankle.
他跌斷了腳踝。
vt.毀壞,弄壞;砸破
They broke down the door with a big heavy log.
他們用一根粗大的木頭將門砸開。

break jail 越獄
vt.衝破(障礙等);破...而入;闖入
The river broke its banks during the flood.
洪水期間河水衝破了堤岸。
vt.破(土);割破
He fell but didn't break the skin.
他跌倒了但沒有擦破皮膚。
vt.打破(寂靜等);切斷(電路等);中止(旅程等)
Radio contact was suddenly broken.
無線電聯絡突然中斷了。
At last Phil broke the silence.
最後菲爾終於打破了沈寂。
vt.使垮掉;制服;放棄(習慣);使放棄習慣
He just can't break such a bad habit.
他就是改不掉這個壞習慣。
vt.破壞(約束);違反
She didn't break the rules.
她沒有違反規定。
vt.打破(記錄);超過
She broke the world record for the broad jump.
她打破了跳遠的世界記錄。

vi.破碎;破裂;斷裂
The plate broke to pieces when it fell on the floor.
盤子落在地上摔碎了。
vi.破掉,被損壞
My watch has broken.
我的錶壞了。
vi.猛闖,突破;強行逃脫
The man broke away from his guards.
這人從看守處逃脫了。
vi.中斷,中止
Let's break for lunch.
讓我們停下來吃午飯吧。
vi.(精神等)垮掉
His health began to break two years ago.
兩年前他的健康狀況開始變糟。
vi.突然發生;突然傳出
We had no sooner set out than a thunder storm broke.
我們剛動身就突然下起了大雷雨。
vi.(天空)破曉
When day broke he had already been on the way.
天亮時,他已在路上了。
n.破損,破裂;裂縫;折斷[C]
A break in the pipe was found out.
發現管道上有一處裂縫。
n.暫停;休息[C]
There is a ten-minute break between the classes.
課間有十分鐘休息時間。
n.斷絕,絕裂[C][(+with/from)]
Finally she made the break with her family.
她最終與家庭脫離了關係。
n.(天氣,話題等的)驟變[C][(+in)]
There was a break in the weather last week.
上週天氣突然變化。

nuclear
adj.核心的,中心的 ; 原子核的;原子能的;原子彈的
They are planning a new nuclear power plant.
他們正在策劃一座新的核電廠。
He studies nuclear physics.
他研究原子物理。

explosive
adj.爆炸(性)的;爆發性的
Unemployment became an explosive issue.
失業成了一個爆炸性的問題。
Gasoline fumes are highly explosive.
氣態汽油極其易爆。
adj.(性情等)暴躁的
The old man has an explosive temper.
那老人性情暴躁。
n.爆炸物;炸藥[C][U]
Dynamite is a powerful explosive.
炸藥是一種強有力的爆炸物。